RESUMO
Colombia lacks experience in identifying health research priorities. A project for identifying health research priorities was begun in 2004 (meaning those arising from weighting and ordering health and disease problems which could be mainly resolved by research and knowledge). The Global Forum for Health Research combined matrix method, and other methods, was used as reference for developing projects and putting two main methodological paths into practice: designing and applying a method for qualitatively and quantitatively weighting and ordering health research problems and building consensus with researchers and scientific community representatives. Two national meetings, two regional meetings and a virtual forum were held for identifying predominant health problems. Once the predominant health problems had been identified (with the respective estimation of disease load), then they were evaluated by politicians and decision-makers and rated by basic science, clinical science and public health researchers in terms of making a contribution towards knowledge for facing, controlling or resolving such problems. Some health research priorities were obtained (by areas and others being overall priorities): chronic diseases, emergent infectious diseases, tuberculosis/leprosy, nosocomial infection and sexually transmitted diseases/HIV/AIDS.
Assuntos
Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa , ColômbiaRESUMO
Colombia tiene una escasa experiencia en identificar prioridades de investigación en salud. En el año 2004 se inició un proyecto para identificar prioridades de investigación en salud, entendiendo por tales las que resultan de un ejercicio ordenado de ponderación basado en una valoración juiciosa de problemáticas sanitarias cuya respuesta y/o solución puede lograrse en gran parte por medio de conocimientos y procesos de investigación. Como referentes del proyecto se tuvieron en cuenta algunos de los métodos de priorización utilizados y recomendados en el ámbito internacional, entre ellos la matriz combinada del Global Forum for Health Resarch. Se pusieron en práctica dos trayectos metodológicos principales: por una parte, diseño y aplicación de un método para ponderar u ordenar, de manera cualitativa y cuantitativa, las problemáticas de investigación en salud; por otra parte, construcción de consensos con investigadores y representantes de comunidades científicas. Para identificar las problemáticas de salud predominantes se realizaron dos reuniones nacionales, dos reuniones regionales y un foro virtual. Una vez identificadas las problemáticas de salud predominantes, con su respectiva estimación de carga de enfermedad, estas se valoraron por políticos y decisores y se calificaron por investigadores de ciencias básicas, ciencias clínicas y salud pública, en términos del aporte del conocimiento requerido para afrontar, controlar o resolver tales problemáticas. Se obtuvieron unas prioridades de investigación en salud por áreas globales: enfermedades crónicas, enfermedades infecciosas emergentes, Tuberculosis/Lepra, infección nosocomial e infecciones de transmisión sexual/VIH/SIDA.
Colombia lacks experience in identifying health research priorities. A project for idenifying health research priorities was begun in 2004 (meaning those arising from weighting and ordering health and disease problems which could be mainly resolved by research and knowledge). The Global Forum for Health Research combined matrix method, and other methods, was used as reference for developing projects and putting two main methodological paths into practice: designing and applying a method for qualitatively and quantitatively weighting and ordering health research problems and building consensus with researchers and scientific community representatives. Two national meetings, two regional meetings and a virtual forum were held for identifying predominant health problems. Once the predominant health problems had been identified (with the respective estimation of disease load), then they were evaluated by politicians and decision-makers and rated by basic science, clinical science and public health researchers in terms of making a contribution towards knowledge for facing, controlling or resolving such problems. Some health research priorities were obtained (by areas and others being overall priorities): chronic diseases, emergent infectious diseases, tuberculosis/leprosy, nosocomial infection and sexually transmitted diseases/HIV/AIDS.
Assuntos
Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa , ColômbiaRESUMO
Emission inventory is one of the required inputs to air quality models. To assist in the urban and regional modeling efforts, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled a National Emission Inventory (NEI) for criterion pollutants, and the precursors of ozone and particulate matter (PM). In December 2002, EPA released the 1999 NEI estimates (NEI99), which represent the most recent national emission data. However, the data sets are not in model-ready format for air quality simulations. This present work converts the NEI99 Final Version 2 data sets into Inventory Data Analyzer (IDA) format and processes the data using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system to generate a gridded emission inventory in a domain covering the west Gulf Coast Region, USA. The spatial and diurnal emission characteristics of the gridded emission inventories are then assessed and compared with those of the National Emission Trend 1996 (NET96). The NEI99 database contains more complete emission records in both area and point sources. It is also found that NEI99 data exhibit greater emissions with respect to point and mobile sources but smaller emissions with respect to area sources when compared to the corresponding gridded NET96 data in the same study domain. The most distinct differences between the NEI99 and NET96 databases are CO emission of mobile sources, SO2 emissions of point sources, and VOC/PM/NH3/NOx emissions of area and non-road sources. The gridded NEI99 data show low VOC/NOx ratios (<2-5) in the urban areas of the study domain.
